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Global PV waste could reach 297–402 million tonnes by 2060, creating a major recycling challenge and a new materials opportunity. India alone could generate up to 35.2 million tonnes.

India is quietly emerging as a key solar module supplier to the United States. As trade policies reshape global supply chains, the numbers reveal a deeper shift underway.

India’s solar expansion has transformed rooftops and landscapes nationwide, reducing coal use and emissions. But as panels age, a growing solar waste challenge is emerging, raising questions about how clean the transition truly is.